Topics
Current Account (BoP)
The current account balance is the sum of a country's balance of trade in goods and services, net income from abroad, and net current transfers. A positive current account balance indicates the nation is a net lender to the rest of the world, while a negative current account balance indicates that it is a net borrower from the rest of the world.
In 2022, the United States had a current account deficit of $891.1 billion. This means that the United States spent more money on goods and services from other countries, and on income from foreign investments, than it received from other countries in the form of goods and services, and on income from U.S. investments abroad.
The current account balance is one of the components of a country's balance of payments, which is a record of all the economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world. A current account deficit is a sign that a country is borrowing more money from other countries than it is lending to other countries. This can be a problem if the country cannot repay its debts, or if the country's currency becomes too weak.
There are a number of factors that can contribute to a country's current account balance. These factors include:
- The relative prices of goods and services in different countries.
- The exchange rate between different currencies.
- The level of tariffs and other trade barriers.
- The level of economic growth in different countries.
The current account balance can have a number of implications for a country's economy. A current account deficit can lead to economic slowdown, as it means that the country is buying more goods and services than it is selling. It can also lead to inflation, as the country has to borrow money from other countries to finance its purchases.
See also
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IB Economics - Balance of Payments (Detail)
Study Notes
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IB Economics - Balance of Payments (Overview)
Study Notes
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2.2.5: Influences on Net Trade (X-M)
Study Notes
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4.1.7 Balance of Payments (Edexcel)
Study Notes
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2.1.4 Balance of Payments (Edexcel)
Study Notes
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2.1.4 - Balance of Payments (Edexcel A-Level Economics Teaching PowerPoint)
Teaching PowerPoints
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4.1.7- Balance of Payments (Edexcel A-Level Economics Teaching PowerPoint)
Teaching PowerPoints
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4.2.6.3 - Balance of Payments (AQA A Level Economics Teaching Powerpoint)
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UK Economy - Does a rising current account deficit matter?
27th March 2023
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Remittances and Economic Development
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Currency Depreciation and the Trade Balance - Chain of Reasoning
Practice Exam Questions
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Balance of Payments (Revision Quizlet Activity)
Quizzes & Activities
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Balance of Payments - Selection of Revision MCQs
Practice Exam Questions
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Balance of Payments (Revision Presentation)
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Balance of Payments & Currencies Revision Quiz
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Interpreting the Balance of Payments
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Causes of a Current Account Deficit Exam Answer
Practice Exam Questions
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Revision Presentation: Balance of Payments
Teaching PowerPoints
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Revision Presentation: Competitiveness in the Global Economy
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Introduction to the Balance of Payments Accounts
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The Balance of Payments - Revision Playlist
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Balance of Payments - Current Account
Topic Videos
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Balance of Payments - The Trade Balance
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Measuring the Balance of Payments
Study Notes
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Correcting Balance of Payments Imbalances (Online Lesson)
Online Lessons
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Introduction to the Balance of Payments (Online Lesson)
Online Lessons
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Measuring the Current Account (BoP)
Topic Videos
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Is Germany damaging the European economy?
29th November 2019
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Balance of Payments - Clear The Deck Key Term Knowledge Activity
Quizzes & Activities
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Exchange Rates: Impact of a current account deficit
Topic Videos
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The state of the UK economy (Oct 2019) - an 'Elevator Quiz' activity
22nd October 2019
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Current Account Deficit & Policies (Revision Essay Plan)
Practice Exam Questions
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Balance of Payments - Five Key Definitions
Topic Videos
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UK Economy Update 2019: Trade & Competitiveness
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Balance of Payments - Current Account Deficits
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Export-led growth
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Economics Exam Context for 2018
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Reducing a Trade Deficit (Revision Essay Plan)
Practice Exam Questions
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Balance of Payments - "Key Term Match Up" activity
11th April 2018
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Balance of Payments - "Key Term Match Up" activity
Quizzes & Activities
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Current Account Deficits (Balance of Payments)
Topic Videos
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UK exports and imports in six charts
28th September 2017
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The falling £ and the circular flow
25th September 2016
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Current account deficits - when to act?
17th May 2016
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The Current Account and our Imperial Legacy
11th April 2016
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Corporation Tax Cuts and the UK Current Account Deficit
24th February 2016
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How worrying is Britain’s current account deficit?
1st February 2016
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What’s behind the recent steep fall of £ Sterling?
31st January 2016
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UK Current Account - NOT just the Balance of Trade!
17th March 2015
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Financing the UK current account deficit
31st March 2015