1. Loans: Loans made to individuals, businesses, and other entities are the primary asset of most banks. These loans generate interest income for the bank and are expected to be repaid with interest over a specified period.
2. Securities: Banks may invest in various securities, such as government bonds, corporate bonds, stocks, or other financial instruments. These investments provide banks with additional sources of income and help diversify their risk.
3. Cash and cash equivalents: Banks hold cash in their vaults and in accounts at central banks to meet customer withdrawals and other liquidity needs. Cash equivalents, such as short-term investments, are highly liquid assets that can be easily converted into cash.
4. Real estate: Banks may own real estate assets, such as branches, offices, or other properties, which are used for their operations or held as investments.
5. Other assets: Banks may hold other assets, such as accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, or intangible assets, which are less common but still contribute to the bank's overall asset portfolio.

Assets are “owned” by the bank e.g. cash, balances at Bank of England, loans (Advances), securities (e.g. Bonds) and fixed assets.