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Macroeconomic stability

14th December 2009
Macro stability can be measured by the volatility of key indicators:
- Consumer price inflation (annual % change in prices)
- Real GDP growth over one or more business cycles
- Changes in measured unemployment / employment
- Fluctuations in the current account of the balance of payments
- Changes in government finances (i.e. the size of the fiscal deficit or surplus)
- Volatility of short term policy interest rates and long term interest rates such as the yield on government bonds
- Stability of the exchange rate in currency markets
A stable economy provides a framework for an improved supply-side performance i.e.
• Stable low inflation encourages higher investment which is a determinant of improved productivity and non-price competitiveness
• Control of inflation helps to main price competitiveness for exporters and domestic businesses facing competition from imports
• Stability breeds higher levels of consumer and business confidence – sentiment drives spending in the circular flow
• The maintenance of steady growth and price stability helps to keep short term and long term interest rates low, important in reducing the debt-servicing costs of people with mortgages and businesses with loans to repay
• A stable real economy helps to anchor stable expectations and this can act as an incentive for an economy to attract inflows of foreign direct investment
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