Product recalls can be initiated by the manufacturer, distributor, or government regulators.The purpose of a product recall is to protect consumers from harm and to prevent further damage to the company's reputation. It also helps to comply with legal and regulatory requirements, which can vary depending on the country or region.

Product recalls can be costly and time-consuming for companies, involving expenses such as product replacement, shipping, disposal, and public relations. However, the costs of not recalling a defective product can be even higher, including lawsuits, fines, and damage to the company's brand reputation.