change management - force field analysis & Lewin's change model
Lewin’s Force Field Analysis
- There are forces driving change and forces restraining it
- Where there is equilibrium between the two sets of forces there will be no change
- In order for change to occur the driving force must exceed the restraining force
The analysis can be used to:
- Investigate the balance of power involved in an issue
- Identify the key stakeholders on the issue
- Identify opponents and allies
- Identify how to influence the target groups
Lewin’s change model
This model defines three stages in the process of change:
(1) Unfreezing
(2) Change
(3) Refreezing
It assists organisation change by:
- Allowing the process to be understood
- Providing milestones for evaluating progress towards the change
Unfreezing
This is the shake up phase perhaps triggered by declining sales or profits. The result is an acceptance that the existing structures and ways are not working
To get people ready for change it is necessary to develop an awareness of the:
- Necessity of change
- Nature of change needed
- Methods planned to achieve the change
- Needs of those affected
- Ways that progress will be planned and monitored
Changing
This is the process of devising and implementing the change:
- Define the problem
- Identify solutions
- Devise appropriate strategy to implement change
- Implement solutions
Refreezing
This is the process of maintaining the momentum of change:
- Locking in the changes
- Stabilising the situation
- Building relationships
- Consolidating the system
- Evaluation and support
- Preventing any going back to the old ways
Refreezing is complete when the new patterns are accepted and followed willingly
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